3^rd International Conference and Exhibition on Biopolymers and Bioplastics September 12-13, 2016 San Antonio,Texas,USA

In search of new Advanced Materials solutions and keeping an eye on the goal of sustainable production and consumption, bioplastics have several (potential) advantages. The use of renewable resources to produce bioplastics is the key for increasing resource efficiency, the resources can be cultivated on an (at least) annual basis, the principle of cascade use, as biomass can first be used for materials and then for renewable energy generation, a reduction of the carbon footprint and GHG emissions of some materials and products - saving fossil resources, and for substituting them step by step.

Industrial Biorefineries and White Biotechnology provides a comprehensive look at the increasing focus on developing the processes and technologies needed for the conversion of biomass to liquid and gaseous fuels and chemicals, in particular, the development of low-cost Technologies Adoption. During the last 3-4 years, there have been scientific and technological developments in the area; this book represents the most updated information and technological perspective on the topic. Industrial biotechnology uses enzymes and micro-organisms to make biobased products in sectors such as chemicals, food and feed, detergents, paper and pulp, smart textiles and bioenergy (such as biofuels or biogas). In doing so, it uses renewable raw materials and is one of the most promising, innovative approaches towards lowering greenhouse gas emissions. The application of industrial biotechnology has been proven to make significant contributions towards mitigating the impacts of climate change in these and other sectors. In addition to environmental benefits, biotechnology can improve industry’s performance and product value and, as the technology develops and matures, white biotechnology will yield more and more viable solutions for our environment. These innovative solutions bring added benefits for both our climate and our economy.

Plastic pollution involves the accumulation of plastic products in the environment that adversely affects wildlife, wildlife habitat, or humans. Plastics that act as pollutants are categorized into micro, meso, or macro debris, based on size. The prominence of plastic pollution is correlated with plastics being inexpensive and durable, which lends to high levels of plastics used by humans. However, it is slow to degrade. Humans are also affected by plastic pollution, such as through the disruption of the thyroid hormone axis or sex hormone levels. Plastic reduction efforts have occurred in some areas in attempts to reduce plastic consumption and pollution and promote plastic recycling.

Biocomposites is a composite material formed by a matrix and a reinforcement of natural fibers. Green composite are classified as a bio composite combined by natural fibers with biodegradable resins. They are called green composites, mainly because of their degradable and sustainable properties, which can be easily disposed without harming the environment. Because of its durability, green composites are mainly used to increase the life cycle of products with short life. Another class of Biocomposites is called hybrid bio composite which is based on different types of fibers into a single matrix. The fibers can be synthetic or natural, and can be randomly combined to generate the hybridization. The global capacity for production of carbon fibres was 111, 785 tonnes in 2012. In 2016 it is set to reach 156,845 t and in 2020 set to reach 169,300t. In relation to these nominal capacities, actual production only represents a part, evaluated at 60% in 2012, 68% in 2016 and 72% in 2020. Demand was 47,220 t in 2012. It is set to reach 74,740t in 2016, and 102,460t in 2020. This over-capacity could lead to maintaining competitive prices. Hydrocarbons fibre matrix composites are made 72% from epoxy.

Polymer Nano composites (PNC) consist of a polymer or copolymer having nanoparticles or Nano fillers dispersed in the polymer matrix. Plastic packaging for food and non-food applications is non-biodegradable, and also uses up valuable and scarce non-renewable resources like petroleum. With the current focus on exploring alternatives to petroleum and emphasis on reduced environmental impact, research is increasingly being directed at development of biodegradable food packaging from biopolymer-based materials. A biomaterials is any matter, surface, or construct that interacts with biological systems. As a science, biomaterials are about fifty years old. The study of biomaterials is called biomaterials science. It has experienced steady and strong growth over its history, with many companies investing large amounts of money into the development of new products. Biomaterials science encompasses elements of medicine, biology, chemistry, tissue engineering and materials science. Global biomaterial market over the forecast period of 2012-2017. The global market for biomaterials is estimated at $44.0 billion in 2012 and is poised to grow at a CAGR of 15% from 2012 to 2017 to reach $88.4 billion by 2017

Even though they still account for only a small share of the plastics market as a whole, bioplastics have become a real alternative to standard plastics manufactured from petrochemical feedstock’s. The term 'bioplastics' is utilized for a whole range of various products with different properties and applications. In its recently published study, the market research institute. Markets is a global market research and consulting company based in the U.S. We publish strategically analyzed market research reports and serve as a business intelligence partner to Fortune 500 companies across the world. Markets and Markets also provides multi-client reports, company profiles, databases, and custom research services. Markets and Markets covers thirteen industry verticals, including advanced materials, automotive and transportation, banking and financial services, biotechnology, chemicals, consumer goods, energy and power, food and beverages, industrial automation, medical devices, pharmaceuticals, semiconductor and electronics, and telecommunications and IT.We at Markets and Markets are inspired to help our clients grow by providing apt business insight with our huge market intelligence repository.The global market for implantable biopolymers and Bioplastics was worth nearly $155.7 billion in 2014. This market is expected to grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 7.2% between 2014 and 2019 resulting in $155.7 billion in 2014 and $200.5 billion global market in 2019.

Bio-based polyesters are of high interest by academic and industrial scientists and engineers. One member of this family is poly(lactic acid), PLA, is renewable, biocompatible and also biodegradable and is one of the most widely used biopolyesters. PLA is obtained either by ring opening polymerization (ROP) of lactide or by direct polycondensation of lactic acid. Another biopolyester with a wide range of interesting properties are Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA). This family of biopolyesters are produced directly by microorganisms from various carbon sources. Efforts are underway to develop more efficient production organisms, use this biological pathway for the production of other biopolyesters such as PLA, develop more efficient downstream processing methods, produce PHAs from waste materials and much more. These are just two examples of a wide family of polymers that have tremendous potential to make important contributions to the introduction of biobased plastics. 

A major effort is underway to identify biobased epoxy resins that can substitute for existing petroleum-based materials such as bis-phenol A diglycidyl ether (DGEBA). Unfortunately, bis-phenol A (BPA) is particularly problematic aas it is classified as a reprotoxic R2 substance and an endocrine disruptor. The production of global epoxy thermosetting polymers is estimated to be 2 million tons in 2010 and is projected to reach 3 million tons by 2017. Their global market was estimated at about US$18 billion in 2012 and is forecasted to reach US$21.5 billion by 2015. More than 60% of the global production is used in the coatings industry. Furthermore, epoxies are probably the most versatile family of engineering/structural adhesives because they are compatible with many substrates, and can be easily modified to achieve widely varying properties. Control of properties and also processing is usually based on the selection of the appropriate epoxy precursors or combination of monomers, on the selection of curing agents and associated reaction mechanism, and on the addition of organic or inorganic fillers and components. Work is underway to develop BPA replacements from various biobased feedstocks including lignin derived chemicals. 

Biopolymers are polymers that are biodegradable. The input materials for the production of these polymers may be either renewable (based on agricultural plant or animal products) or synthetic. Current and future developments in biodegradable polymers and renewable input materials focus relate mainly to the scaling-up of production and improvement of product properties. Larger scale production will increase availability and reduce prices.Currently either renewable or synthetic starting materials may be used to produce biodegradable polymers. Two main strategies may be followed in synthesizing a polymer. One is to build up the polymer structure from a monomer by a process of chemical polymerization. The alternative is to take a naturally occurring polymer and chemically modify it to give it the desired properties. A disadvantage of chemical modification is however that the biodegradability of the polymer may be adversely affected. Therefore it is often necessary to seek a compromise between the desired material properties and biodegradability.

Polymers have properties that make them suitable for use in protecting products from moisture, increasing shelf-life and making products easier to dispense.Every biopolymer has its own material-specific properties, e.g. barrier properties such as oxygen permeability. The barrier properties are relevant to the choice of biopolymers for the packaging of particular products. Bioplastics have very promising prospects for use in pesticide soil pins, for packaging in-flight catering products and for packaging dairy products.

• Starch based polymers Applications : Thermoplastic starch is unsuitable for packaging liquids. It can sustain only brief contact with water. It has good oxygen barrier properties.
• Sugar based biopolymers Applications : Polyalctides decompose harmlessly in the human body and have therefore long been used for medical applications. Examples include surgical implants which do not require operative removal. Until recently, it was not feasible to use polylactides for packaging because of their high price, around US$500 per kilogram.
• Cellulose based Biopolymers Applications : Familiar applications of cellophane include packaging for CDS, confectionary and cigarettes. The material is gradually falling out of favour, however, owing to its high price (about US$6 per kilogram). Other cellulose polymer materials (e.g. cellulose ilm) have also been commercially available for many years but are losing market share to newer polymers such as polypropylene.
• Synthetic based Biopolymers Applications : The relatively high price of biodegradable polymers of synthetic substances, e.g. aliphatic aromatic copolyesters has prevented them from reaching a large scale market. The best known application is for making substrate mats.

The major advantage of biodegradable packaging is that it can be composted. But the biodegradability of raw materials does not necessarily mean that the product or package made from them (e.g. coated paper) is itself compostable.Biopolymers can also have advantages for waste processing. Coated paper (with e.g. polyethylene) is a major problem product for composting. Although such materials are usually banned from inclusion in organic waste under separate collection schemes, some of them usually end up nonetheless in the mix. The paper decomposes but small scraps of plastic are left over in the compost. The adoption of biopolymers for this purpose would solve the problem. 

Condensation polymers are any kind of polymers formed through a condensation reaction—where molecules join together—losing small molecules as by-products such as water or methanol, as opposed to addition polymers which involve the reaction of unsaturated monomers. Types of condensation polymers include polyamides, polyacetals and polyesters.

Condensation polymerization, a form of step-growth polymerization, is a process by which two molecules join together, resulting in loss of small molecules which are often water. The type of end product resulting from a condensation polymerization is dependent on the number of functional end groups of the monomer which can react.

Examples of naturally occurring condensation polymers are cellulose, the polypeptide chains of proteins, and poly (β-hydroxybutyric acid), polyester synthesized in large quantity by certain soil and water bacteria.

Nano polymers are nothing but nanostructured polymers. The nanostructure determines important modifications in the intrinsically properties. Multi scale Nano structuring and the resulting materials properties across the hierarchy of length scales from atomic, to mesoscopic, to macroscopic is an absolute necessity. The term polymer covers a large, vast group of molecules, including substances from proteins to high-strength Kelvar fibres. A key feature that distinguishes polymers from other large molecules is the recurrence of units of atoms in their chains. This occurs during polymerization, in which large number of monomers, polymer chains within a substance are often not of equal length.